Shallow foundations sometimes called 'spread footings' include pads 'isolated footings' , strip footings and rafts. Deep foundations include piles, pile walls, diaphragm walls and caissons. Types of foundation Shallow foundations Pad foundations Strip foundations Raft foundations Shallow foundations are those founded near to the finished ground surface; generally where the founding depth D f is less than the width of the footing and less than 3m. These are not strict rules, but merely guidelines: basically, if surface loading or other surface conditions will affect the bearing capacity of a foundation it is 'shallow'. Shallows foundations are used when surface soils are sufficiently strong and stiff to support the imposed loads; they are generally unsuitable in weak or highly compressible soils, such as poorly-compacted fill, peat, recent lacustrine and alluvial deposits, etc. Shallow foundations Pad foundations Pad foundations are used to support an individual point load such as that due to a structural column.
Spread Footing or Isolated Footing Reinforcement Detail | What is Spread Footing
Grade beam - WikiVisually
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A grade beam or grade beam footing is a component of a building's foundation. A grade beam differs from a wall footing because a grade beam is designed for bending and typically spans between pile caps or caissons, while a wall footing bears on soil and transmits the weight of the wall directly into the ground, it also differs from a strap beam because a grade beam is reinforced to distribute the weight of a wall to separate foundations, [2] while a strap beam is designed to redistribute the weight of a column between footings. Grade beams may also be used in conjunction with spread footings , in a case with large moments from lateral loads, in order to reduce the size of each spread footing. Wall footing A wall footing or strip footing is a continuous strip of concrete that serves to spread the weight of a load-bearing wall across an area of soil. It is the component of a shallow foundation.
There are different types of foundation based on no. The isolated footing is one of the most popular and simplest types of foundation used worldwide. Foundations are very important to the building. Ultimately the entire load of the building is transferred to ground through the foundation. Isolated footings are most commonly used footings for Reinforced cement concrete column because it is simple and most economical.